From the May/June 2026 edition of National Geographic History magazine.

"Charlemagne: Portrait of an Emperor", by Julia Pavon Benito.

Thanks to a biography by a member of Charlemagne's court, much more is known about the king's private life  He was responsible for the restoration of the Roman Empire after three plus centuries of decline: organizing the justice system ,instituting economic reforms and reviving culture along classical lines.

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From the May/June 2026 edition of National Geographic History magazine.

Title: "Apollo of Cyrene: Emblem of an Ancient City", by Ruben Montoya Gonzalez.

Cyrene, a city in Northeast Syria, an important urban center in ancient times, was devastated by a huge earthquake in 262 AD and another, estimated at 8.0-8.5 magnitude, in 365 AD. In 1861, two British explorers uncovered many sculptures in the ruins, including a magnificent, massive one of Apollo. It resides in the British Museum to this day.

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March/April 2026 edition of National Geographic History magazine.

"Mary Stuart, The Tragic Queen", by Pedro Garcia Martin.

Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, was born into clan rivalries. The subject of an opera, a play, and countless films and biographies, she was considered by some a martyr, by others a heretic. Accused of plotting her husband's death, she was sent to prison in Scotland but fled to England only to be  put to death by her cousin Elizabeth I, the Queen of England

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March/April 2026 edition of National Geographic History magazine.

Title: "War-torn Village Keeps Christ's Language Alive", by Ryan Biller.

The village of Maaloula is nestled in a cleft in the rugged limestone hills of the Qalamoun Mountains in southwestern Syria. It's the last sizeable settlement where Western Aramaic, the language used by Jesus, is still spoken. The Syrian Civil War scattered its residents but efforts to nurture the language to those who returned and via website hold hope for the future of Aramaic.

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"Prohibition" by Isabel Ravenna.

During Prohibition the U.S .government added toxins to industrial alcohol, knowing it could kill. The result? A chemical war that targeted the poor and reshaped public trust. By the end of Prohibition in 1933, more than 100,000 died from imbibing tainted booze. The public however, knew what the government was doing.

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Nov/Dec 2021 edition of National Geographic History magazine.

Title - "The Birth of Jesus", by Antonio Pinero.

The Christmas story inspires wonder. Famous Renaissance artists depicted scenes from gospel writers Matthew and Luke's birth accounts. Interestingly, gospel writers Mark and John do not mention Jesus' birth at all. Historians are delving into the different accounts written by Matthew and John, and to why Mark and Luke wrote nothing at all.

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Nov/Dec edition of National Geographic History magazine.. The title is, "Why the Vietnam War Lasted Decades", by Erin Blakemore.

A decades long war pitted the opposing systems of capitalism and communism. The U.S. called it the Vietnam War, Vietnam called it the American War. It left a legacy of millions of deaths ( military and civilian), veterans and civilians with permanent disabilities, and a distrust of public officials. Despite the U.S .losing over 58,000 troops in the "war", Congress never officially declared it a war,

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National Geographic History magazine

"Pancho Villa: From Bandit to Revolutionary Hero", by Isabel Bueno The Mexican Revolution changed cattle rustler Pancho Villa into a brilliant commander. No one could capture him, not even U.S. General John J. Pershing. Villa stood out for his courage and charisma and was known as the Mexican Robin Hood.

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July /August edition of National Geographic History magazine

"The Fall of the Roman Empire", by Jorge Pisa Sanchez.

The  "why" of the collapse of the Roman Empire has long intrigued historians. Historian Alexander Demandt offered more the 200 factors. But recent study points to climate and epidemics as notable factors contributing to the "Fall".

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From the May/June 2025 edition of National Geographic History magazine.

Liberia: Colony of Liberty With a Dark History", by Enrique Vaquerizo.

After free Black Americans settled in Liberia in 1822, it became the world's second black republic. Radical differences between Indigenous Liberians and settlers (Americo-Liberians) later erupted into years of civil war.  Only in recent times has stability been maintained.

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National Geographic History magazine

The Hello Girls: Unsung Heroines of World War I, by Erin Blakemore.

Often working within range of German artillery in France in World War I, uniformed American women of the Signal Corps maintained and provided communications essential to Allied victory. They transmitted coded messages, directed supplies, connected commanding officers with men in trenches, and got communications working when fighting damaged wires. Only now is their role being fully recognized.

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"Eridu: First City of the Earliest Known Civilization", by Antonio Rossi. Sumer, present day Iraq, is the site of Eridu, a foundational city in Sumerian culture, the earliest known civilization. It's "King List", inscribed in cuneiform, lists cities and royal dynasties that can be verified from historical records. Levels of human occupation uncovered date back to 5300-3800 B.C.

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National Geographic History magazine - March/April 2025 edition

Title: "Paul of Tarsus the Traveling Apostle", by Angel Narro 

Description: A vision on the road to Damascus turned this zealous persecutor of Christians into an apostle who did more than anyone, making four missionary journeys , to spread the new religion throughout the Roman Empire.

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Jan/Feb 2025 National Geographic History magazine.

Title - "Pajamas: From Street Wear to Sleepwear", by Ana Velasco.

Description - Nowadays pajamas are worn for comfort while sleeping and lounging. But, the British adopted the loose pants they saw men in India wearing as outerwear. Changing social trends made pajamas acceptable as unisex sleepwear and movies turned them into fashion essentials.

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"Triumphal Arches - Rome Commemorates its Victories", by Ivan Fumado Ortega.

Arches were built to commemorate general's military victories as well as to honor civic achievements. Features included reliefs showing battle scenes, weapons, and one depicts prisoners that stand 10 feet tall. Emperor Augustus later declared that arches could be built only for the imperial family, creating a vehicle for imperial propaganda. The Arch of Titus, erected in 81 A.D,, is the oldest surviving arch in Rome

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January/February 2025 edition of National Geographic History magazine

"Jean-Henri Dunant: Peacemaker and Activist" by Ainhoa Campos.

In 1859, Swiss businessman Jean-Henri Dunant was on his way to northern Italy to meet French officials to discuss a problem with land he owned in Algeria. On his arrival day, he witnessed the battle of Solfernio. Casualties numbered more than 22,000. His life was forever changed. He helped locals tending the wounded, allies and enemies alike. His book, "A Memory of Solferino" was instrumental arranging the first Geneva conference. He also co-founded the International Committee of the Red Cross.

Read by Jim Briscoe

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Notes go here

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Dandan-Oilik, the Lost Oasis Town on the Silk Road", by Angel Carlos Aguayo.

The ruins of an abandoned Chinese desert oasis town on the Silk Road were discovered in 1896. The area had been visited by Marco Polo in 1274. Difficult excavating in shifting sands uncovered Buddhist temples, poplar tree poles up to ten feet tall, pottery fragments, Indo-Persian-style paintings, and more. Why did it disappear?

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From the July/August edition of National Geographic History magazine. The title is, " Cabeza de Vaca: Explorer, Survivor, Historian", by Jose Garrido Palacios. After serving as a soldier for his native Spain, Alvar Nunez de Vaca looked for opportunity in the unfolding colonization of the Americas. His expeditions included being shipwrecked and enslaved. His attitude toward the indigenous was conciliatory and diplomatic, at odds with the militants in the local military and civil administration. He chronicled his expeditions in his acclaimed book, "La Relacion", later revised as La Relacion y Comentarios".

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March/April 2024 edition of National Geographic History magazine. "The Magnificent Roman Mosaics of Carranque", by Ruben Montoya. In 1983, Samuel Lopez, a teenager in rural Spain, was herding cows on his family's farmland when he unearthed a treasure trove of Hispano Roman history. Further excavations uncovered stone ruins and elaborate mosaics , the remains of an opulent Roman estate from the 1st to 2nd century with renovations from the 4th century. The ruins are known to be one of the most significant Hispano-Roman villas yet found.

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From the March/April 2024 edition of National Geographic History magazine:

"Epidemics,: A Constant Plague to Rome", by Alejandro Valino. "From its founding to its Imperial heyday, Rome's politics, religion and eventual decline were shaped by the ravages of disease". The leaders of Rome, feared disease as much as civil war or natural disaster.

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Salomon August Andree, a Swedish mechanical engineer, was born when Arctic exploration was all the rage. Failed attempts to reach the pole by others did not deter Andree. Many thought him crazy for attempting it in a balloon but funding for it came from none other than Alfred Nobel. Unfortunately, he and his two travel companions' harrowing journey met the same fate as their predecessors. Their bodies were found 30 years later.

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This is from the November/December  2023 edition of National Geographic History magazine, the title is, "Big Claim for a Small Brain: H..naledi Buried it's Dead", by Braden Phillips and Julius Purcell.

The discovery of a hominin, later named Homo naledi, in South Africa,has aroused excitement and skepticism They may have created cave art and buried their dead 100,000 years before the earliest known burials to date. They lived between 236,000 and 335,000 years ago.

-Read by Jim Briscoe

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Ancient artworks have been discovered near Mosul, Iraq, ( ancient Nineveh), that date to the time of Assyrian king Sennacherib, of biblical mention. The artwork survived both the sack of Nineveh in 612 B.C. and ISIS' razing in recent years. Carved reliefs found are better than earlier ones found in the British Museum. Some relief panels were found behind a door that had been sealed for 2634 years.// Thanks Christine, Hope all is well. Jim   AIRSLA
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.// The trireme was a 5th century BC Greek warship. The oar-driven ship was fast, maneuverable, and armed with a bronze battering ram in excess of 1000 pounds. Greece's massive fleet of triremes secured its place as the Mediterranean's strongest naval power of the times.// I hope all is well. I haven't forgotten submitting my bio. It will be sent soon. Sorry for the delay. Take care, Jim

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Christine, here is a read from the November/December 2022 edition of National Geographic History magazine.  The title is, Herodium, Herod's Desert Palace" by  Cayetana H. Johnson. // Designed by King Herod the Great as a Roman country club, The lavish Herodium, built on the site of his victory over Antigonus, a rival for his crown, boasted a theater, pools, baths, and gardens. It also housed his own mausoleum, whose whereabouts wasn't discovered until 2007. // Thanks Christine. Hope is all is well. Jim

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The title is, Atlantic Odyssey, Life Aboard the Spanish Galleons" by Esteban Mira Caballos.// Spanish migrants setting sail for the New World in the 16th and 17th centuries faced a hazardous Atlantic crossing and an uncertain future.

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" Sofonisba, Genius of the Renaissance", by Alessandra Pagano.// Painting with tenderness and bravura, Sofonisba Anguissola stunned Michelangelo with her talent. The Italian artist became Europe's first female superstar artist.// Here's another possibility - Sofonisba Anguissola won fame n her lifetime as one of a tiny number of Renaissance women who painted their way out of domesticity and later into art museums worldwide.

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the Truth", by Ainhoa Campos.// Alfred Dreyfus,a Jewish officer in the French Army, was wrongly convicted of selling military secrets to Germany. Although later exonerated, the case caused a split in France that lingers today. Thank you, take care, Jim

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The title of the article is,"Ellen Craft, the appearance of Freedom, authored by Tucker Toole. Read by Jim Briscoe 2/8/22.// Ellen Craft ,the offspring of a white slave owner and an African American slave woman, and her husband William, escaped slavery in Georgia using her fair skin and disguise to take a harrowing journey to freedom in the North. 

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