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My name is Jared Severson. I'm happy to be with you this morning. I'm on the elder team here at Hope Heights, and I've got the opportunity to open God's Word with you. The question again, what's a meaningless hill that you're willing to die on? Again, I think I'm right a lot doesn't always work out well at home because of that. But the first things that I thought of when I was thinking of kind of that question about, you know, those things that, you know, those arguments that people have, the first thing I thought of was, for one, a hot dog is a sandwich. And the second one is that turkey bacon is not bacon. It should not be called bacon. So those are a couple that came to mind. Again, there's a lot of them that I have. If you disagree with me or Sadie, you can come and find us after the service today. And we'd love to chat and give you our arguments for why and our proof for why those things are correct statements. But another hill that I'm definitely willing to die on is that my new grandson is the cutest baby ever in the history of the world for all time. Sorry to my own kids and all of you and your kids, but he is cuter. One week ago today, actually, Aaron and Angeline had their baby boy. That made Natty and myself grandparents looking at him, being able to hold him multiple times throughout the week, I would definitely die on that hill of saying he's the most cute and precious baby ever. So again, I apologize to the rest of you, but he's fantastic. And so that was him, Edwin Jared Severson, that was born last Sunday. So a week old. Today we've been in a series in Mark, which we're going to continue for the next couple of weeks before taking a brief summer break and then finishing up with Mark in the fall. And so we're currently at a point where Jesus is in Jerusalem kind of leading up to his in that week, leading up to his crucifixion. And so today we're going to look into mark 1127 through 1212. And so if you do have a Bible or an app on your phone and you want to open that up, you can now. Otherwise, all the scripture will be on the screen. So let's get right into it because we have a little bit longer passage today. So starting off here in Mark, chapter 11, they arrived again in Jerusalem. And while Jesus was walking in the temple courts, the chief priests, the teachers of the law, and the elders came to him, by what authority are you doing these things? They asked. And who gave you authority to do this? Jesus replied, I will ask you one question. Answer me and I will tell you by what authority I'm doing these things. John's baptism, was it from heaven or of human origin? Tell me. They discussed it among themselves and said, if we say from heaven, he'll ask, then why didn't you believe him? But if we say of human origin. They feared the people, for everyone held that John really was a prophet. So they answered, jesus, we don't know. Jesus said, neither will I tell you by what authority I'm doing these things. Jesus then began to speak to them in parables. A man planted a vineyard. He put a wall around it, dug a pit for the wine press and built a watchtower. Then he rented the vineyard to some farmers and moved to another place. At harvest time, he sent a servant to the tenants to collect from them some of the fruit of the vineyard. But they seized him, beat him and sent him away empty handed. Then he sent another servant to them. They struck this man on the head and treated him shamefully. He sent still another, and that one they killed. He sent many others. Some of them they beat, others they killed. He had one left to send a son whom he loved. He sent him last of all, saying they will respect my son. But the tenants said to one another, this is the heir. Come, let's kill him and the inheritance will be ours. So they took him and killed him and threw him out of the vineyard. What then will the owner of the vineyard do? He will come and kill those tenants and give the vineyard to others. Haven't you read this passage of Scripture? The stone the builders rejected has become the cornerstone. The Lord has done this, and it's marvelous in our eyes. Then the chief priests, the teachers of the law and the elders looked for a way to arrest him because they knew he had spoken the parable against them. But they were afraid of the crowd, so they left him and went away. Will you pray with me quickly? God, we just thank you for your word. We thank you that it can speak to us. We just pray that it does. That now that you work in our hearts, in our minds, help us to hear the message that you want us to hear today. And we just thank you for loving us and just giving this opportunity to look at these words together. In your name we pray. Amen. All right, so there's two parts of the passage today. You kind of saw how our passage was split up, but they do fit together really nicely. Because it is one interaction that Jesus is having with these leaders, these Pharisees, or the religious Jewish leaders of the day. So we're going to start by going back to the first part of this. And so it starts off by saying, they arrived again in Jerusalem. And while Jesus was walking in the temple courts, the chief priests, the teachers of the law, and the elders came to him. So it's believed that this would have been the third day that Jesus was in Jerusalem during what we call Holy Week, or kind of that week leading up to his death and resurrection. Spoiler. On Sunday, he had a triumphant entry. So a couple weeks ago, we looked at this, he had a triumphant entry into Jerusalem with the crowd shouting, hosanna, Hosanna in the highest blessed he who comes in the name of the Lord. So then on Monday, which we looked at last week, Jesus put a stop to kind of the religious economy and kind of what was going on in the temple by flipping over tables, by removing or driving out the sellers and the money changers. They were there to kind of ensure that people were worshiping properly, that they could meet those Jewish requirements that they had at the time during their Passover pilgrimage, because this was a week of Passover as well. And so Jesus stated, if you remember from last week, he stated, my house will be called a house of prayer for all nations. Which ultimately was actually Jesus then claiming ownership over the temple or God's house, calling it my house. And so, as you can imagine, this really kind of infuriated those religious leaders. It kind of messed up the status quo, and it just made them upset and made them mad. And so their religious establishment of the time included these leaders, the chief priests, the teachers of the law, and the elders who were approaching Jesus on Tuesday, I guess it would be when he was in the temple. And so the chief priests were there. They were there to make sure that the temple activities were running properly. That was their job. The teachers of the law were in charge of making sure that the word of God was preserved, it was shared for future generations. And then the elders represented those tribes of Israel and kind of acted like judges. So again, kind of making sure that people did things the right way. So on Tuesday, when Jesus was in the temple here, these religious leaders see Jesus walking and they corner him. And so legitimately, it was their duty to kind of again, investigate anybody who maybe claimed to be God, anybody who wanted to do something in the temple the way that they wanted to. And so that included Jesus. So they wanted to see his badge, they wanted to see his credentials. They do have every right to confront Jesus. However, as we've seen before in Mark, these rulers already had their minds made up about who Jesus was. They wanted him out, they wanted him dead. He was challenging their authority. So they. They took this opportunity. They were going to trap Jesus kind of regarding that authority. And so they say, by what authority are you doing these things? And who gave you authority to do this? Just kind of on a side note, as I was thinking about this week, it's kind of. It's cool that all of these scenarios are happening in the temple, because this was God's most holy place. A couple weeks ago, when we did look at that first part of Mark 11, when Jesus triumphantly enters Jerusalem, after he comes in, kind of with that king's entrance into the city and all the shouts of praise from the people, he intentionally goes into the temple to look around. And then Mark says, because it was late, he left. So Jesus came in and looked around, and he was planning for how he was going to use the temple as an illustration for our hearts. And so the next day, Jesus comes back to Jerusalem, overturns the tables, drives out the sellers, money changers. Jesus was reorienting the purpose and the design of the temple. And so what the leaders had clearly been missing is that everything in this temple is pointing to who Jesus was. So the sacrifices, the curtains, the altars, the incense, all those details, even the details of what the priests were wearing, all of that were illustrations and object lessons that point to Jesus. And so I just thought that was kind of a cool little side note, in my opinion. So anyway, when the leaders approached Jesus and they asked him this question about their authority or about his authority, the motivation was not to gain the truth. It was not to actually hear what Jesus had to say. They had already made up their mind. They wanted to maintain control. They wanted to maintain power over their way of doing things. And so they thought they ruled the temple. That's kind of the attitude that they were coming in with. And so they had forgotten that the temple ultimately belongs to God. Taking all that into account, Jesus then responds to their question. And so Jesus replies. He says, I will ask you one question. Answer me and I will tell you by what authority I'm doing these things. John's baptism, was it from heaven or was it or of human origin? And then tell me. So this was actually a common strategy that rabbis use during debates. So when Jewish rabbis would get together, a lot of times they would answer one question with another. And so that's what Jesus did. And so, pun intended, in a way he could turn the tables on them and posed a question that he knew that they, I think he knew that they were going to struggle to answer. And so they get together, they huddle together, they discuss it. They say, if we say from heaven, he's going to say, well, why didn't you believe him? If we say of human origin, we know the people are going to be upset with us. Because they feared the people, for everyone did think that John was a prophet. And so they take the easy road out and they say, well, we don't know. So they struggled to answer this question. They had kind of two possible answers as they saw it. So they're going to have to either admit to being wrong about John the Baptist and about Jesus, or they were going to have to upset the people and possibly lose some of the power and authority that they felt that they had kind of within those Jewish ranks. And so Jesus put them in the position that to them seemed like a lose lose situation. So they chose the path of least resistance, or so they thought they proclaimed. They don't know they were cowards. They didn't want to answer. They refused to make a tough choice out of fear of losing their power and influence over the temple and of the Jewish people. And so then Jesus replies to them and says, well, neither will I tell you by what authority I'm doing these things. So since the leaders chose convenience and the easy way out, Jesus doesn't answer their initial question that they posed. He wasn't dodging their question. Jesus knew if they were unwilling to admit who he was or admit what God did through John, they weren't going to see Jesus for who he actually was. So Jesus was trying to get them to think a little bit deeper about their own lives and their own practices here. They were unwilling to admit their mistakes, unwilling to relinquish any sort of perceived power. And so Jesus gave them that freedom to answer him, kind of like they wanted. And so because Jesus then wanted them to think a little bit deeper about their hearts, he continues the conversation by telling a parable. So that gets to the next kind of section in kind of our passages today. So this parable is actually a callback to Isaiah 5. I'm not going to read that today. I would encourage you to look at it on your own this week if you get a chance. But the setting of the parable and what it talks about in Isaiah 5 is actually a vineyard. And so that's the scene, knowing the scripture from Isaiah 5 and also just a common kind of agricultural practice of having a vineyard in the area at the time. It's something that the leaders who Jesus was talking to would have known. And so as we read this, again, it's going to be obvious, or maybe even as the first time that we read it, it's pretty obvious who the different players in this parable or this story are. As we're going to see, this parable is very different than Jesus previous parables, because previous parables, there were always people asking, like his disciples saying, what does that mean? You know, they weren't really able to kind of figure that out. But this one is very different. So the point that Jesus is trying to make here is very, very different, or it's very different. He's going to be extremely obvious in this parable. And so he starts off by saying a man planted a vineyard. He put a wall around it, dug a pit for the winepress, and built a watchtower. Then he rented the vineyard to some farmers and moved to another place. Okay, so far in this parable, we've got a couple different characters. We've got the man, the owner, and then some farmers or the tenants, as they're going to be called kind of later on this parable. Many of our Bibles, if you look at the little heading above this parable, call this the parable of the tenants can be easy to fall into a trap where we think that the tenants are the main character. But if you hear nothing else today, please hear that the main character in this parable is actually the owner. It's actually the man. So this vineyard owner represents God. Okay, God is our main character. From the first verse of the parable, One of the things that we can learn about the owner is that the owner's good. So the man in this story plants a vineyard, puts a wall around it that's going to protect it from anything that might attack the vineyard. He digs a wine press, which is going to allow the vineyard to be productive and kind of serve its purpose. He builds a watchtower. That's for a couple different reasons. One, it can provide help protecting, because on a watchtower you can see a long way away. So if there's anything that's coming to attack the vineyard, you can see that. So it's for protection, but it also provided kind of housing and kind of meeting needs of the farmers who he was allowing to run the vineyard for him and then partake in the provision of that vineyard. And so God is good. So again, now transitioning to God as who the owner represents here God is a good God who provides us with everything we need to accomplish everything that we need. So the Bible is constantly reminding us of God's goodness. Psalm 145:9 was a verse that came to mind where it says, the Lord is good to all, he has compassion on all he's made. James 1:17 says, Every good and perfect gift is from above, coming down from the Father of the heavenly lights, who does not change like the shifting shadows. So the owner in this story is good, and we know that God is good as well. So continuing on, it says at harvest time he sent a servant to the tenants to collect from them some of the fruit of the vineyard. But they seized him, beat him and sent him away empty handed. Then he sent another servant to them. They struck this man on the head and treated him shamefully. He sent still another, and that one they killed. He sent many others. Some of them they beat, others they killed. So at harvest time, owner sends servants to collect his share of the crop. Farmers didn't just get to live and work in this vineyard, but they also get paid by what is produced. But it's not all theirs. So they get some of those benefits of it, but it's not all theirs. The owner is still entitled to his share of the crops, his share of the profits, and that's what the servants were there to collect. But the farmers decide, oh, we don't want to give the owner his share. So they beat up and kill servant after servant who were sent to them by the owner. Knowing who Jesus was sharing these parables with doesn't take much to really kind of guess who these other characters represent. So the other characters, the tenants, the farmers in this story are these Jewish religious leaders. And the servants then that get sent over to collect the fruit of the vineyard are the prophets and the messengers of God. I would imagine kind of at this point, the leaders that Jesus was addressing in the temple probably don't yet see themselves in this parable, but Jesus is kind of working to set them up to eventually realize that he's talking about them. So remember, Jesus is trying to get them to think deeper about and search their hearts kind of regarding his authority. Where we started in this passage, and we know that throughout the history of Israel, God sends one prophet after another to point and redirect them back to God. And then how does history kind of show us to how Israel has responded to these prophets? You go back to the Old Testament, you can read story after story about the prophets being insulted, being mocked, being beaten Being ignored, being killed. The last messenger that God sends was John the Baptist. From what we just read earlier, we know that the Pharisee leaders didn't believe or didn't want to admit that John the Baptist was actually a prophet from God. And we know that John the Baptist eventually dies a gruesome death by getting beheaded. So what does this parable then continue to teach? I think it shows that God is incredibly patient and persistent. God does the same thing for us. Someone, a parent, a family member, maybe a stranger, a friend, somebody shared God's good news with us. Maybe some of us listened to those messengers right away, but maybe we mocked them, maybe ridiculed them, or looked down on that person. At first, maybe we just shrugged our shoulders and ignored them. But God sent more messengers, more messages into our life, until finally, hopefully, we proclaim, oh, I get it. I understand who you are. I can think of many times in my life when I sensed the Spirit's leading and guidance, heard a word of wisdom from someone God had put in my life. Those repeated kind of spiritual nudges or God's persistence trying to draw us closer to him. I don't always make the right choices. But thank goodness God is patient in, is persistent. His grace and his mercy don't run out. So in regards to those tenants, we can learn from the parable that these are some of their characteristics. They're ungrateful, they're violent, they're murderous. Clearly they're not grateful for the opportunities that the owner had given them to work in this vineyard and live there. They respond, they seize, they beat, they mock, they kill messengers that the owner had sent to them. So then, after kind of this response to servant after servant that was coming to them, the owner makes one more choice. He had one left to send a son whom he loved. He sent him last of all, saying, they will respect my son. But the tenants said to one another, this is the heir. Come, let's kill him, and the inheritance will be ours. So he took him and killed him and threw him out of the vineyard. So the owner had sent all these servants, didn't have any luck, kind of helping the tenants realize the portion of the harvest that needed to be given back to the owner. According to law at the time, the son of an owner like this would have been the only person other than the owner himself who actually possessed legal claim over the vineyard. And so that's why the owner is saying, they'll respect my son, because it's just like the owner himself actually showing up. And so he thinks the owner is saying that they're going to respect my son. Remember, this owner created the vineyard. He loves the vineyard. He has a desire to see the vineyard be fruitful and fulfill its purpose. So as one final play, as one final act, kind of out of his love for that vineyard and the vineyard to do kind of what he wants it to do, he sends his only son, who it says he loved, into this dangerous situation. And so, again, going back to our list of characteristics, here, we know that the owner is loving. God is loving. The act of sending his son shows love for the vineyard. It wasn't because he was naive about the danger, about what had happened before. It was because he thought, or he said that they're going to respect my son. His son was the perfect representative who shared or had the owner's authority, care and love over this vineyard. And so the Son is going to embody all that the owner is. The Son is good, The Son is patient, persistent. Son is loving. At this point, it should be obvious now again to us that in this parable, the Son represents Jesus. So Jesus was sent because of God's incredible love for his vineyard. So despite that love that the son was sent with and the authority that the son had compared to those messengers before him, the tenants still responded in that similar fashion. Tenants killed him and threw him out with the trash. The selfishness of the tenants was on full display. They even thought, and they even said that now that the air was out of the picture, that the vineyard was going to be theirs. They thought that they were going to control it. And so law, again, kind of going back to some Jewish law, law of the time stated that if there was no heir, the property would transfer to those who were in possession of it at the time. And the farmers were living on it, they were working in it. So they were like, hey, there's no heir. This is going to be ours. So the tenants are going to have that control like they wanted and be able to run it however that they want, however they wanted it to. So at this point, we should remember now that the Pharisees initially had approached Jesus in the temple to question his authority. So the parable is now starting to tie that previous interaction at the end of chapter 11 to this parable that Jesus was telling son's owner is the perfect representative. By sending his son, the owner was giving the son all of his authority to take care of the vineyard as it was supposed to be taken care of, and all the dealings of the vineyard. And so continuing on then Jesus asks a Question, what then will the owner of the vineyard do? So remember, Jesus is trying to again get the leaders to search their hearts and kind of see their role in all of this. And so the response to that kind of rhetorical question is he will come and kill those tenants and give the vineyard to others. So Jesus asks that rhetorical question, then gives the answers. And but the Pharisees, whether they answer it actually verbally or whether they answer it in their head, they would understand this situation. They would understand that this situation demands justice. They would agree that the actions of the tenants are wrong, that they demand a verdict. Okay, this part of the parable gives us another clue into kind of the character of God, another glimpse into that, that God is just, therefore the Son is just as well. So even though we know God's patience, His patience with sin is not never ending. Remember, Jesus just came in the day before and flipped over all the tables in the temple because what they were doing was wrong. And so here Jesus is now warning these Israelite leaders face to face in this interaction that they're in danger of being cut off from God's blessing as vineyard because of their disobedience. So justice needs to be served. God can't accept the qualities of the tenants because it's not in his nature. God is holy. All the characteristics of the owner, the characteristics of God, kind of work in tandem together. That's God's nature. God can't be one of these without the other. He's not judging because he's mean and vengeful. He's judging because he's holy, he's good, he's righteous, and he's loving, and so justice must be served. However, Jesus doesn't end this parable with this judgment and death. He actually ends this story with grace by saying, haven't you read this passage of Scripture? The stone the builders rejected has become the cornerstone. The Lord has done this, and it's marvelous in our eyes. Jesus is quoting. Then he's going back to something else that these leaders would know, which is Psalm 18. So Psalm 18 says, I will give you thanks for you answered me. You have become my salvation. The stone the builders rejected has become the cornerstone. The Lord has done this, and it's marvelous in our eyes. This is a passage again that these Pharisees, these leaders, would know. Well, this has been God's sovereign salvation plan all along. This is why Jesus is in Jerusalem. He's there to be rejected. But God's going to use that rejection and turn it into exaltation in Ancient construction kind of the cornerstone is that foundational building block of the whole project. If the angle of the cornerstone was off and the orientation was crooked or it wasn't level, whole project would fail for years. I'm a teacher, I teach middle school in the summer for five to six or seven years. Sorry, I'm a middle school teacher. That fad did fade out towards the end of the year, which was great. But anyway, for a period of time I worked landscaping. During the summer I built a lot of retaining walls in backyards and around swimming pools and things like that. One of the biggest ones, or the biggest one I guess that I ever built was in my in laws backyard. It was the summer right before my brother in law got married and they were having some wedding parties and things in their backyard and so built a 6 foot tall retaining wall kind of in different sections, all around their backyard, around their swimming pool, their hot tub. Can tell you from experience, that first block that you put down is by far the most important because everything else that you build in that retaining wall is going to be based off of that first block. If it's not level, the whole wall is not level. If it's crooked, the whole wall is crooked. And so it's important to know that again, that, that cornerstone, how important that cornerstone is. So then in conclusion, the chief priests, the teachers of the law and the elders looked for a way to arrest him because they knew he had spoken the parable against them. But they were afraid of the crowd once again, so they left him and went away. Now it's important to realize that Jesus sharing this parable with the leaders is not this blanket judgment on all of Israel, on all the Jewish people. It's about their leaders, who clearly knew that Jesus was talking about them in the parable. Jesus was warning them. But instead of responding with repentance, they hardened their hearts. They refused to hear, they walk away. And we know that they continue to plot against Jesus which eventually leads Jesus to his or leads to Jesus death. And that brings us to the end of our verses today. So remember, in this parable, God and the Son are the main characters in this whole story. And that's what hit me this week as I was preparing this. That's what really hit me this week. Remembering God's character and what the Son actually did for us. God is good, okay? It's often easy to forget that God is good when bad things happen to us. When the vineyard gets attacked or we experience a drought or a less productive year, we may question God's goodness. It doesn't mean. It does not mean that God isn't good. Jesus says in John 16:33, he says, I have told you these things so that in me you may have peace. In this world you will have trouble. But take heart, I have overcome the world. So we are going to struggle, things are going to go wrong. But only God can provide true peace through those storms of life. And ultimately he tells us that he has overcome it all. God already is one, and that's the hope that we need to hold onto that God is good and he always will be. God is love. I'm reminded of kind of these verses as we think about God being loving, for God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life. Paul says in Galatians, I've been crucified with Christ and no longer live. But Christ lives in me. The life I now live in the body I live by faith in the Son of God who loved me and gave Himself for me. And then one John, this is love. Not that we loved God, but that he loved us and sent His Son as an atoning sacrifice for our sins. This is such good news. Such good news. It wasn't because we needed to come to God and love him first. He loved and still loves us, despite all our inadequate inadequacies. Similarly, how the vineyard reflects the love and care and work that the owner does for it. We're a reflection of the love, care and work that God does in us. We're God's passion. We're his joy. He loves us and wants to see us be fruitful, just like the owner wants to see the vineyard produce fruit. But again, we know because of sin, all those things, those things that might attack or destroy the vineyard. We're not always fruitful. We're not always productive like we're supposed to be. That's where the ultimate act of God's love comes in. I know we've heard this quote before, but Tim Keller says the gospel is this. We're more sinful and flawed in ourselves than we ever dared believe. We're unfruitful, yet at the same time, we're more loved and accepted in Jesus Christ than we ever dared hope. That's an amazing quote. Out of his love, God sends messenger after messenger, message after message, spiritual nudge after spiritual nudge, to remind us of our intended purpose, draw us back to him over and over again. Ultimately, out of that love, that patience, that persistence, that goodness, all those characteristics he sends his only son, Jesus, who was his perfect representative. Jesus allowed himself to be thrown out of the vineyard and killed so that rebellious tenants, maybe like you and me, can be adopted as rightful heirs. As long as we don't miss the Son. His sacrifice, the Son's sacrifice allowed us to be made right with God. That justice that needed to be served was fulfilled through the Son. Another quote that I came across, actually this morning, Charles Spurgeon was quoted as saying, God's justice and mercy, his love kissed on the cross. All of God's character was on display. Therefore, we are now fully able to access and experience all of these characteristics of God. His goodness, his patience, his persistence, his love. And that was God's plan for salvation all along. So like in Psalm 118, where it says, this is truly marvelous in our eyes, it is. This is. God's plan was truly marvelous in our eyes. So when we're confronted by Jesus, we're going to have a choice how to respond, just like the leaders did. Do we want truth? Do we want to continue just living how we want to live? Are we looking for a Savior to align ourselves to? Or is he just an obstacle that's kind of getting in our way that we have to try to move around? Do we accept or do we reject Jesus? I pray that all of us, myself included, continually make Jesus the cornerstone. He loved us. He still loves us so much that he was literally willing to die on that hill for us. So I pray that we receive the Son, we receive his and honor his authority, and we build our lives on that only foundation that lasts forever and stands forever. I'm going to invite the band up as we kind of prepare to continue fulfilling our purpose to worship the God who's good, who's patient, who's persistent, who's loving and holy. A few questions that I want us to consider. How have you responded to God's messengers in his message? Who or what is the cornerstone of your life? Have you. Sorry, grammatical errors. Another hill that I'm willing to die on, and I made it my bad. Have you received or rejected Jesus? And then who do you know that needs to hear the good news of Jesus? A few ways that we continue to worship here at Hope Heights. We've got communion available out in the hallway on either side of the auditorium. Communion's open to everyone. We just ask that you first accepted Jesus as your cornerstone. If you haven't allowed Jesus to be a foundation yet, you can. There are people in the back with yellow lanyards that are willing to pray for that or anything else, Please just ask them. We're going to sing three songs, and we'll have opportunities to give. We can always give to the vineyard owner back some of the fruit that we've received in thanksgiving for all that he's provided for us. So before we worship here, would you just bow your heads and pray with me? God, your patience is beyond our understanding. Thank you for not treating us as our rebellion deserves. Forgive us for the times we've tried to claim ownership over the lives you've given us. We look to Jesus today. The stone rejected by men, but chosen and precious to you. May he be precious to us. May we build our lives on him. May we not fiercely guard our own little kingdoms, but joyfully serve yours. In the name of your beloved son, Jesus. Amen.